走る
はしる
hashiru
Conjugation
= to run
| Form | Japanese | Romaji | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dictionary form The plain form you find in a dictionary |
走る はしる |
hashiru | to run |
| Masu form Polite present / future |
走ります はしります |
hashirimasu | run (polite) |
| Te form Connects clauses, makes requests |
走って はしって |
hashitte | running / and run |
| Ta form Plain past |
走った はしった |
hashitta | ran |
| Nai form Plain negative |
走らない はしらない |
hashiranai | don’t run |
| Masen form Polite negative |
走りません はしりません |
hashirimasen | don’t run (polite) |
| Nakatta form Plain past negative |
走らなかった はしらなかった |
hashiranakatta | didn’t run |
| Potential form Can / be able to |
走れる はしれる |
hashireru | can run |
| Volitional form Let’s / I think I’ll |
走ろう はしろう |
hashirou | let’s run |
Hashiru (走る) ends in -iru, which is the shape ichidan verbs have, but hashiru is actually godan.
-iru and -eru are the shapes ichidan verbs take: they drop the る and attach endings directly. Hashiru looks like it should follow that pattern, because the syllable right before る is shi, an i-sound. But hashiru is godan: it conjugates by shifting that final -ru through the five vowels of the ra-row (ra/ri/ru/re/ro) before endings attach, which is why hashirimasu and hashiranai are correct rather than the ichidan-style hashimasu and hashinai. (Te-form hashitte comes from a separate sound change on the i-stem, hashiri plus te becoming hashitte, not directly from the ra-row shift.) Among verbs ending in -iru or -eru specifically, there is no way to tell the group from spelling alone — hashiru, kaeru (to return), hairu (to enter), kiru (to cut), and shiru (to know) all end in -iru or -eru and are all godan. One concrete check is the nai-form: ichidan verbs drop る and add nai directly (taberu becomes tabenai), while godan verbs like hashiru shift to the a-row first (hashiru becomes hashiranai). Dictionaries also mark each verb’s group explicitly, usually as 五段 (godan) or 一段 (ichidan).
Reach for dictionary-form hashiru when stating a general fact or plan in plain speech. Use hashirimasu or its negative hashirimasen in polite conversation or writing, such as talking to a teacher or in a formal email. Te-form hashitte is what links this action to another, forms a request (hashitte kudasai), or builds the -te iru progressive for ‘is running.’ Ta-form hashitta reports a completed run in casual speech, and hashiranakatta is its negative past. Reach for hashireru when the topic is ability — whether someone is physically able to run, or whether a route lets you run on it. Hashirou proposes running together in casual speech, while its polite counterpart hashirimashou fits a more formal or distant relationship, such as a coach inviting a group of students to start running.
Everyday use
今朝は近所を走った。
Kesa wa kinjo o hashitta.
I ran around the neighborhood this morning.
Casual / Social Media
明日の朝、一緒に走ろう!
Ashita no asa, issho ni hashirou!
Let’s run together tomorrow morning!
Formal / Cultural context
健康のために毎朝走ります。
Kenkou no tame ni maiasa hashirimasu.
I run every morning for my health.
One error is treating hashiru as ichidan because of the i-sound before る: this produces hashimasu instead of hashirimasu. The te-form is another place this goes wrong: mentally lopping off る and adding -te gives hashite, but godan verbs ending in -ru take the small-tsu contraction, so it has to be hashitte, with the doubled consonant. The same wrong shortcut can carry into the negative, giving a broken stem like hashi-nai instead of the correct godan stem hashira- in hashiranai.